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The printing industry
uses various color matching systems to take the guesswork out of mixing
ink.
The
best known of these, the Pantone Matching System (PMS), is a numbered
index of thousands of colors along with instructions for mixing them from
a much smaller number of basic inks. The Pantone Matching System is supported
by all of the leading ink manufacturers, who have agreed to formulate
their inks to conform to Pantone's color matching and mixing specifications.
Similar matching systems are TruMatch, Focoltone, and Toyo.
VARNISHES
are coatings applied to the paper on press, during the print run. They
overprint the ink. "Flood" varnishing covers the entire surface of the
sheet. "Spot" coverage applies to selected portions of the image; spot
varnishing requires its own plate and printing unit on the press.
Printers
use both gloss and dull varnishes to achieve various visual contrasts
between ink and paper or image and background. Varnishes also protect
the surface of the ink from scuffing, ruboff, fingerprints, and other
damage. Lacquers, liquid plastics, and film laminates give even more protection.
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